Attacks all over the planet by
U.S. Predator planes suggest Bush thinks he has the "right" to kill
civilians.
Imagine, for a moment, that you live in a small town somewhere near the
Southern California coast. You're going about your daily life, trying to scrape
by in hard times, when the missile hits. It might have come from the Iranian
unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) -- its pilot at a base on the outskirts of Tehran
-- that has had the village in its sights for the last six hours or from the
Russian sub stationed just off the coast. In either case, it's devastating.
In Moscow and Tehran, officials announce that, in a joint action, they have
launched the missile as part of a carefully coordinated "surgical"
operation to
take out a
"known terrorist," a long-term danger to their national security. A
Kremlin spokesman offers the following statement:
"As we have repeatedly said, we will continue to pursue
terrorist activities and their operations wherever we may find them. We share
common goals with respect to fighting terrorism. We will continue to seek out,
identify, capture and, if necessary, kill terrorists where they plan their
activities, carry out their operations or seek safe harbor."
A family
in a
ramshackle house just down the street from you -- he's a carpenter; she works
at the local Dairy Queen -- are killed along with their pets. Their son is
seriously wounded, their home blown to smithereens. Neighbors passing by as the
missile hits are also wounded.
As it happens, there are no terrorists in the vicinity. Outraged, you
organize your neighbors and march angrily in protest through the town, shouting
anti-Russian, anti-Iranian slogans. But, of course, there is nothing you can
really do. Iran and Russia are far away, their weaponry powerful, your arms
nonexistent. The state of California is incapable of protecting you. This is,
in fact, at least the fourth time in recent months that a "terrorist"
has been declared "taken out" from the air or by a ship-based cruise
missile, when only innocent Californians have died.
As news of the "collateral damage" from the botched operation
dribbles out, the Russian and Iranian media pay next to no attention. There are
no outraged editorials. Official spokesmen see no need to comment further. No
one is held responsible and no promises are made in either Tehran or Moscow
that similar assassination strikes won't be launched in the near future, based
on "actionable intelligence," possibly even on the same town. In
fact, the next day, seeing UAVs once again soaring overhead, you load your
pick-up and prepare to flee.
Swatting Flies in Somalia
Philip K. Dick meet George W. Bush. When it comes to such a thing happening
in the United States, we are, of course, at the wildest frontiers of science
fiction. The U.S. is a sovereign nation. We guard our air space and coastal
waters jealously. Any country violating them for purposes of aggressive action,
no less by launching a missile against an American town, would be committing an
act of war and would certainly be treated accordingly.
If, somehow, such an event did occur, it would be denounced in Washington
and on editorial pages across the country as a shocking contravention of
international legal conventions and a crime of war unless, of course,
we
did it in a country where sovereignty has been declared meaningless.
In fact, an almost exact replica of the above fictional incident -- at least
the fourth of its kind in recent months -- did indeed take place at the
beginning of March in the embattled failed state of Somalia. (For that country's
most recent abysmal collapse, the Bush administration, via an invasion by
Ethiopian proxy forces, can take significant credit.) One or two houses in
Dobley, a Somali town, were hit, possibly by two submarine-launched Tomahawk
Cruise missiles in what a U.S. official termed "a deliberate strike
against a suspected bed-down of known terrorists."
The missiles were evidently meant for Saleh Ali Saleh Nabhan, an al-Qaedan
suspect in the bloody bombings of American embassies in Kenya and Tanzania in
1998. He was, however, not in Dobley, despite the "actionable
intelligence" on hand. Accounts of the dead and wounded in the town vary.
One report claimed only wounded Somalis (and two dead cows); most spoke of
anywhere from four to ten dead civilians. Local district Commissioner Ali Nur
Ali Dherre told CNN that three women and three children had been killed and
another 20 people wounded. While a "U.S. military official said the United
States is still collecting post-strike information and is not yet able to confirm
any casualties. He described [the] strike as 'very deliberate' and said forces
tried to use caution to avoid hitting civilians."
For the dead Somalis, not suprisingly, we have no names. In stories like
this, the dead are regularly nobodies and, though the townspeople of Dobley did
indeed march angrily in protest yelling anti-American slogans, just about no
one noticed.
In our world, only the normal smattering of small news reports dealt with
this modest sidebar in the President's Global War on Terror (GWOT). On the GWOT
scorecard -- if you remember, for a long time George Bush kept "his own
personal scorecard" of top terror suspects in a desk drawer in the Oval
Office, crossing off al-Qaedan figures as U.S. forces took them down -- this
operation hardly registered. One terrorist missed, and not for the first time,
possibly a few dead peasants in some god-forsaken land. Please, move on
In a recent Pentagon briefing for reporters featuring Secretary of Defense
Robert Gates and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs Admiral Michael Mullen, who had
just returned from a trip to Iraq, Afghanistan, and Pakistan, 4,500 words of
back-and-forth were interrupted by this question from a reporter:
"Secretary
Gates, the strike on Somalia two days ago -- did the missiles that were fired
-- did they strike their target? And was the target Saleh Ali Saleh Nabhan? Do
you have a report back from the field? And Admiral Mullen, what message did you
give to President Musharraf, and why did you meet with him?"
Gates responded to the Somali part of the question in eight words: "You
know we don't talk about military operations." He might have added:
…unless they're successful.
That was evidently all that the incident and its minor "collateral
damage" deserved in such a global war. So Gates and Mullen moved on
immediately. So many matters more important than a single
"decapitation" strike that didn't succeed to consider.
The Decapitation Strike as Global Policy
Minor as that Somali mis-strike might seem, this is not, in fact, a small
matter. Think of that strike and the many like it around the world over these
last years as reflections of George Bush's post-9/11 update of globalization.
After all, the most basic principle of his Global War on Terror has been the
erasure of global boundaries and whatever international agreements about
war-making might go with them.
Across the Islamic world, in particular, boundaries simply no longer matter.
In fact, in such regions no aspect of sovereignty can now constrain a U.S. president
from acting as he pleases in pursuit of whatever he may personally define as
American interests.
"Assassinations by air" are, writes David Case in Mother Jones
magazine, "a relatively new tactic in warfare." By the beginning of
2006, however, U.S. Predator drones "bearing Hellfire missiles -- the
preferred weapon in decapitation [strikes] -- had already hit 'terrorist
suspects overseas' at least 19 times since 9/11." Such strikes and other
similar operations by air, land, and sea have been a crucial follow-on to the
Bush administration's proclamations, immediately after 9/11, that there would
be no "safe havens" for terrorists on the planet, nor safety for
those countries which housed them, inadvertently or otherwise. Within days of
the destruction of the World Trade Center towers, Bush administration officials
were already identifying up to 60 countries-cum-targets.
This aspect of the Bush Doctrine, of what the President likes to call
staying "on the offensive," when mixed with a couple of decades of
"advances" in air warfare, including the development of
sophisticated, missile-armed drones, "smart bombs,"
"precision-guided munitions," and the like, has resulted in a lethal
globalizing brew of assassination and destruction. It recognizes neither boundaries,
nor sovereignty across much of the planet. With all its "actionable"
possibilities, it will surely be with us long after George W. Bush has left
office.
Of course, those few nameless dead or wounded Somali civilians -- swatted
like so many flies and forgotten as quickly as flies would be -- don't faintly
match up against the "dozens" of Iraqi civilian deaths that,
according to Human Rights Watch, were caused by 50 decapitation strikes
launched against the top officials of Saddam Hussein's regime back in March
2003. (Not a single official was harmed.) Nor do they quite make it into the
company of the "Afghan elders" being taken to President Hamid
Karzai's inauguration back in 2001, who were mistaken "for a Taliban
group" and bombed, with 20 killed; nor the 30 or more guests at an Afghan
wedding party back in 2002 blown away by 2,000-pound bombs after celebratory
gunfire was evidently mistaken for an attack (no apologies offered); nor that
wedding party in the Western desert of Iraq near the Syrian border wiped out in
2004 with 42 deaths, including 27 in one extended family, 14 children in all.
They were, of course, taken for terrorists. (As U.S. Major General James Mathis
put the matter in offering an explanation: "How many people go to the middle
of the desert… to hold a wedding 80 miles from the nearest civilization?")
And these are just a few prominent cases, not including the civilians killed in
periodic Predator and other strikes in Pakistani border areas, in Afghanistan,
and elsewhere whom no fuss is ever made about -- not here, anyway.
After all, there's always going to be "collateral damage" when you
keep your eye -- and your 2,000-pound bomb or Hellfire missile -- focused on
the prize.
The "Right" to Kill Civilians
Remember back in the 1990s, when the glories of an economically borderless
world were being limned? Just after September 11, 2001, the Bush administration
proudly declared us to be in a far darker world without borders (except, of
course, when it came to our own). In this new world, whether we knew it or not,
whether we cared or not, we granted our highest officials -- specifically our
military and intelligence services -- the full powers of prosecutor, defense
counsel, judge, jury, and executioner, as well as the right to report on such
events only to the extent, and as, they wished. This was the sort of power that
monotheistic religions normally granted to an all-powerful god, that kingdoms
generally left to absolute rulers, and that dictators have always tried to take
for themselves (though just, of course, in the domains under their control).
Our domain, it seems, is now much of the globe, when it comes to the bloody
work of assassinating individuals via bombs or missiles that, however precise,
surgical, and smart, are weapons meant to kill en masse and largely without
discrimination.
There are still limits of sorts on such actions. These put bluntly -- though
no one is likely to say this --- are the limits imposed, in part, by racism, by
gradations, however unspoken, in the global value given to a human life.
The Bush administration has, so far, only been willing to carry out
"decapitation" strikes in countries where human life is, by
implication, of less or little value. It has yet to carry one out in London or
Hamburg or Tokyo or Moscow or the Chinese countryside, even though
"terrorist suspects" abound everywhere, even (as with the Anthrax
attacks of 2001) in our own country. On the other hand, given the impetus of
this kind of globalization, who knows when such a strike might come. After all,
the CIA has already carried out clearly illegal, sovereignty-violating
"extraordinary rendition" operations (kidnappings of terror suspects)
on the streets of European cities.
In this country, we still theoretically venerate the sovereign self
("the individual") and that self's right to "life, liberty, and
the pursuit of happiness." Despite George Bush's "Freedom
Agenda," however, the sovereignty, not to say the life, liberty, and
happiness of other peoples, individually or collectively, have not really been
much on our minds these last years. Our freedom of action, our safety, has been
the only freedom, the only "security," to which we have attached much
global value. And don't for a second think that, when the "actionable
intelligence" comes in to John McCain's, Hillary Clinton's, or Barack
Obama's Oval Office, those Predators won't be soaring or those cruise missiles
leaving subs lurking off some coast -- and that innocent civilians elsewhere
won't continue to die.
In places like Somalia, we deliver death, and every now and then an American
bomb or missile actually obliterates a terrorist suspect. Then we celebrate.
The rest of time, it's hardly even news. When the deeper principle behind such
global strikes is mentioned in our papers, in some passing paragraph, it's done
-- as in a recent Washington Post article about a Predator strike, piloted from
Nevada, that killed a suspected "senior al-Qaeda commander" in
Pakistan -- in this polite way: "Independent actions by U.S. military
forces on another country's sovereign territory are always controversial"
(Imagine the language that the
Washington Post would use, if that had
been a Pakistani drone strike in Utah.)
This version of globalization is already so much the norm of our world that
few here even blink an eye when it's reported, or consider it even slightly
strange. It's already an American right. In the meantime, other people, who
obviously don't rise to the level of our humanity, regularly die.
And here's the thing: In our world, there is a chasm that can never be
breached between, say, a Sunni extremist clothed in a suicide vest who walks
into a market in Baghdad with the barbaric intent of killing as many Shiite
civilians as possible, and an air or missile attack, done in the name of American
"security" and aimed at a "known terrorist," that just
happens to -- repeatedly --- kill innocent civilians. And yet, what if you know
before you launch your attack, as American planners certainly must, that the
odds are innocents (and probably no one else) will die?
Not so long ago in the United States, presidentially sanctioned
assassinations abroad were illegal. But that was then, this is so now.
Nonetheless, it's a fact that the "right" to missile, bomb, shell,
"decapitate," or assassinate those we declare to be our enemies,
without regard to borders or sovereignty, is based on nothing more than the
power to do it. This is simply the "right" of force (and of
technology). If the tables were turned, any American would recognize such acts
for the barbarism they represent.
And yet, late last week, like clockwork, the Associated Press brought us the
latest notice: "In Afghanistan, a spokesman for the American-led coalition
said troops had used 'precision-guided munitions' to strike a compound about a
mile inside Pakistan…" This operation was, as they all are, said to be
based on "reliable intelligence"; in this case, "senior"
Taliban commanders were said to be in residence.
As it happened, according to the Pakistani military and the AP reporter who made
it to Tangrai, a village of about forty houses, the residence hit was that of
"Noor Khan, a greengrocer who said the house was his family home."
The AP reporter added that "only one of its four walls was standing amid a
tangle of mud bricks, bedding and cooking pots." And Noor Khan, who was
quoted saying, "We are innocent, we have nothing to do with such
things," claimed that six of his relatives, four women and two boys, had
been killed. (The Pakistani military, on investigating, reported that two women
and two children had died.)
This was but the latest minor decapitation strike, and -- we can be sure of
this -- not the last. Philip K. Dick move over. We're already in your future.