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Last Updated: Oct 12, 2008 - 7:20:07 AM |
A squadron comprising the nuclear-powered battle cruiser Peter the
Great, the anti-submarine warfare (ASW) ship Admiral Chabanenko and two
supply ships from the Russian Navy's Northern Fleet recently entered
the Mediterranean Sea.
The squadron was joined there by the Russian Baltic Fleet's escort ship
Neustrashimy (Intrepid) and a Black Sea Fleet tanker Ivan Bubnov.
For the first time since the break-up of the Soviet Union, Russia has
reinstated a scaled-down version of the famous Fifth Squadron
comprising warships from the three "western" fleets" that had sailed
the Mediterranean in the U.S.S.R.'s heyday.
After exercising in the region, the Northern Fleet squadron will sail
to Venezuela. The Neustrashimy will go to Somalia; and the empty Black
Sea Fleet tanker will return to her home base in Sevastopol.
For over 200 years, the Mediterranean Sea has played an important part
in Russian history. During the Russo-Turkish War of 1768-1774, Admiral
Grigory Spiridov (1713-1790) commanded a naval squadron that defeated
the Turkish fleet during the battles of Chios Strait and Cesma Bay in
July 1770.
The subsequent blockade of the Dardanelles Strait facilitated Russia's
eventual victory in the war.
Throughout the early 19th century, the Russian Navy operated in the
Mediterranean Sea. However, France and the United Kingdom defeated
Russia in the 1853-1856 Crimean War. Under the 1856 Paris Peace Treaty,
Russia was forced to scrap its Black Sea Fleet and could only dispatch
Baltic Fleet squadrons to the region.
Russian expeditions had both psychological and practical implications.
Famed English writer, poet, soldier, courtier and explorer Sir Walter
Raleigh (1552-1618) used to say that those who owned the sea controlled
global commerce, while those controlling global commerce owned the
Earth and its riches.
This may be an overstatement which, nonetheless, reflects the real
situation. Naval superiority facilitates unimpeded merchant-marine
traffic and makes it possible to destroy enemy shipping.
British and U.S. naval superiority was a major factor of the Allied
victory in both world wars.
In peacetime, naval superiority provides substantial commercial
advantages to individual countries or groups of countries.
Since the late 16th century, the Anglo-Saxon world, namely, the United
Kingdom and the United States, have dominated the seven seas.
Although Russia has never aspired for naval superiority, it has always
tried to maintain a navy capable of undermining superior enemy forces.
In the 19th and 20th centuries, Russian expeditions to the
Mediterranean Sea tried to undermine British and Turkish naval
superiority. In case of war, Russian squadrons were to have attacked
British shipping, while avoiding superior enemy forces. If a war broke
out with Turkey, they were supposed to support the Black Sea Fleet's
operations aimed at blockading and seizing the Bosporus and the
Dardanelles Straits.
International strategies changed with the advent of long-range
missiles, nuclear weapons and aircraft carriers. After World War II,
Soviet naval squadrons stationed in the Mediterranean Sea were ordered
to pin down and destroy NATO carriers and strategic missile submarines
in case of a hypothetical conflict, thereby preventing them from
hitting targets in the U.S.S.R.
Although tensions have relaxed since the Cold War, and though the
United States has scaled down its naval presence in the Mediterranean
Sea, this theater of war linking Europe, Asia and Africa retains its
key importance.
Moscow, which is showing its naval flag between Port Said in Egypt and
the Strait of Gibraltar more and more frequently, obviously realizes
the region's strategic importance.
Source:Ocnus.net 2008
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